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CAULIFLOWER
CAULIFLOWER
- RABI/SECOND-JUNE-FIRST-JULY
- TYPES OF VARIETIES
- FERTILIZERS
- TYPES OF VARITES
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cauliflower is popular vegetable and this belongs to family Cruciferous. Its curd, is come in various color like cream, white, green or purple. Cauliflower is rich source of calcium and minerals. It works as anti-cancer agent. It promotes heart health, lower cholesterol levels. The major cauliflower producing states are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam, Haryana and Maharashtra.
CLIMATE
Temperature
20-30°C
Rainfall
120-125CM
Sowing Temperature
25-30°C
Harvesting Temperature
12-18°C
SOIL
It can grow well in wide range of soil from sandy loam to clay. For late sown variety, clay loam soils are preferred and for early maturing varieties sandy loam soil is recommended. pH of soil should be in range of 6 to 7. Add lime in case of low pH soil.
LAND PREPARATION
Bring soil to fine tilth by ploughing land thoroughly. Add well decomposed cow dung and mixed well in soil at time of last ploughing.
Early varieties:Â
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Early Kunwari:Â Early maturing variety. It has cream color fruits which are small in size. The variety gets ready in 60-70 days and it gives an average yield of 25-37.5 qtl/acre.
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Pusa Deepali: Developed by IARI, early maturing variety, suitable for cultivation in Northern India. It is suitable for growing in hot climate (20-25°C). Gives average yield of 42-62.5 qtl/acre.
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Summer King:Â Hybrid, ready to harvest in 60 to 65 days after transplantation. Its seed sowing is done in month of June. Gives average yield of 50 qtl/acre.
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Paavas:Â It is hybrid, ready to harvest in 60-65 days after transplantation. Complete seed sowing in June month and transplantation in July month. Gives average yield of 50 qtl/acre.
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Medium duration varieties
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Improved Japani:Â Flowers are hard and white in color, seed is sown in mid-July month and planting is done in mid-August month. It gives an average yield of 83-94 qtl/acre.
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Sairano:Â Hybrid ready to harvest in 80-85days. Gives average yield of 60-70qtl/acre.
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Late varieties:
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Pusa Snowball K-1:Â Crop gets mature late compared to Pusa snowball 1. Outer leaves are upright and curd is compact. Curd is of snow white color. The variety gets ready in 110-120 days and it gives an average yield of 72-87.5qtl/acre.
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Snowball 16:Â Late maturing variety. Curds are compact having attractive white color. Gives average yield of 100-125qtl/acre.
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Other States Varieties:Â Â Â Â Â
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Pant Shubhra:Â Early maturing variety, suitable for cultivation in Northern India. Curds are of creamy white color. Gives average yield of 80 qtl/acre.
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Pusa Snowball 1: Crop gets ready to harvest in 100 days after transplanting. Outer leaves are upright and curd is compact, of medium size. Color of curd is snow white. It produces yield of 62.5-84qtl per acre. Â
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Palam Uphaar:Â Curd is white in color and is hard. The variety is resistant to downy mildew and black rot. It is suitable for sowing in low and intermediate regions. It gives an average yield of 94-105qtl/acre.
Seed Rate
For early season variety seed rate of 500 gram is required whereas for late and main season variety seed rate of 250 gram per acre is required.Â
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Seed Treatment
Before sowing dip seed in hot water (50°C for 30min) or streptocycline@0.01 gram/Litre for two hours. After treatment dry them in shade and then sow on bed. Black rot mostly observed in Rabi. As a preventive measure seed treatment with mercury chloride is essential. For that dip seed in Mercury chloride@1 gram/litre solution for 30min after that dry them in shed. Crop grown in sandy soil is more prone to stem rot. To prevent it do seed treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP@ 3 gram/kg of seed.
Time of sowing
For early varieties, optimum time for seed sowing is Second week of June to first week of July month.Â
For main season varieties, complete sowing in August month whereas for late varieties seed sowing is done in October month.Â
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Spacing
Use spacing of 45×30 cm for early season crop and late maturing crop whereas for main Season use spacing of 45-60×45 cm. Â
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Sowing Depth
Sow seeds at depth of 1-2 cm.Â
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Method of sowing
For sowing transplanting method can be used.
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Sow seed in nursery and apply irrigation, fertilizer dose as per requirement. Seedlings are ready to transplant within 25-30 days after sowing. For transplantation use three to four weeks old seedlings.
Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| UREA | DAP or SSP | MOP | ZINC | |
| 130 | Â | 155 | 40 | – |
Organic Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| BIO-DAP | MIX FERTILIZER | Organic NPK | |
| 200 | 100 | Â | 100 |
Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)
| N | P2O5 | K |
| 60 | 25 | 25 |
Apply well decomposed cow dung@8-10 tonnes per acre in soil along with Nitrogen@60 kg, Phophorus@25 kg and Potash@25 kg in form of Urea@ 130 kg, Single Superphosphate@ 155 kg and Muriate of Potash@ 40 kg. Apply whole quantity of cow dung, SSP and MOP and one-third dose of Urea at time of land preparation. Apply remaining quantity of Urea in two equal quantity on 30th and 45th day after transplantation. Â
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To get better flower (Curd) set and to obtain good yield, spray Water Soluble Fertilizer NPK (19:19:19) @ 10 gram/litre water during the early plant growth is done. 40 days after transplanting take spray of 12:61:00@4-5 gram + micronutrients@ 2.5 to 3 gram + Boron@ 1 gram per litre water. To improve curd quality, apply Water Soluble Fertilizer NPK 13:00:45@20 gram/litre of water at the time of curd development.
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Do soil testing and if Magnesium deficiency is observed to overcome Mg deficiency apply Magnesium sulphate@5 gram/litre, 30-35 days after transplantation and for Calcium deficiency apply Calcium Nitrate@5gm/litre, 30-35 days after transplanting.
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If hollow and sometimes discolored stems are observed, also curds become brown and leaves may get roll and curl it is due to Boron deficiency, apply Borax@ 250 gram-400gram/acre.
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To check weed control apply Fluchloralin (Basalin) 800ml/200Ltr water before transplantation followed by hand weeding 30 to 40days after transplanting. Apply Pendimethalin@1Ltr/acre one day before transplanting of seedlings.
Immediately after transplanting, give first irrigation. Depending upon soil, climatic condition, apply irrigation at interval of 7-8 days in summer season and 10-15days during winter season.
PLANT PROTECTION  
Sucking pest:Â
Sucking pest:Â They suck the sap from the leaves resulting in yellowing and drooping of leaves. Thrips results in curling of leaves, leaves become cup shaped or curved upward.
If incidence of sucking pest like Aphid and Jassid is observed take spray of Imidacloprid 17.8SL@60ml/acre using 150 Ltr water. If infestation of Thrips is observed take Spray of Triazophos + Deltamethrin@20 ml or 25% Cypermethrin @5 ml/10 Ltr of water.
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Diamond back moth:
Diamond back moth:Â Serious pest of cauliflower. They lay eggs under surface leaves. larva of greenish color with hair on body feed on leaves and make hole. In case of lack of proper control measures, it causes loss upto 80-90%.
At initial stage take spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract@40 gm/Ltr of water at head initiation stage. Repeat this spray with interval of 10-15 days. Avoid spraying at curd formation. Take spray of Bt formulations@200 gm/acre at 35 and 50 days after planting. In severe infestation take spray of Spinosad 2.5%SC@80ml/150Ltr of water.
Leaf spot, blight:
Leaf spot, blight:Â If infestation of leaf spot or blight is observed, to control take spray of Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64%WP@ 250gm/150Ltr of water along with sticker or Mancozeb@400gm/150litre or Carbendazim@400gm/150litre of water.
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Alternaria leaf spot:Â
Alternaria leaf spot:Â Remove and burn lower leaves in morning subsequent take spray of tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25%@120 gm/acre or Mancozeb@2gm/lit or Carbendazim@1gm/lit of water.
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Wilt:
Wilt: Dropping of entire leaves along with yellowing of crops. Wilting or drying of entire plant is seen. It may be due to root rot. To control wilt cause due to root rot, drench Trichoderma bio fungus@2.5 kg/500 Ltr water, near to roots of plants. Keeping checking crop losses due to fungal diseases. Drench root zone with Ridomil gold@2.5 gm/Ltr water. Give need based irrigation. Avoid flood irrigation.
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HARVESTING
After developing proper head harvesting can be done. Carry out harvesting in morning or evening time. After harvesting keep product in cool place.
POST-HARVEST
After harvesting, do sorting and grading depending upon head size.Â