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RADISH
RADISH
- RABI/MID-SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER
- TYPES OF VARIETIES
- FERTILIZERS
- TYPES OF VARITES
GENERAL INFORMATION
Radish, edible root vegetable belongs to family of “cruciferous” and its origin is in Mediterranean. It is crop of tropical and temperate region. It is a quick growing annual or biannual herb. Its edible roots are having different color from white to red. West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Assam are major radish growing states. Radish is good source of vitamin B6, Calcium, copper, magnesium and riboflavin. Also, it is rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid and potassium.Â
CLIMATE
Temperature
18-26°C
Rainfall
100 cm- 225 cm
Sowing Temperature
20-25°C
Harvesting Temperature
18-20°C
SOIL
It can grow on all type of soils but give best result when grown on light friable, sandy loam soil. Avoid heavy or compact soils as it produces rough, malformed roots. Ideal pH of soil for good growth is 5.5 to 6.8.
LAND PREPARATION
Plough land thoroughly for two-three times and make land weed and clods free. After each ploughing, take planking operation. Add well decomposed cow dung of 60-80qtl/acre at time of land preparation. Avoid use of undecomposed or free cow dung as it will leads to forking of fleshy roots. For sowing use flat bed or ridges.
Japanese white: Optimum time for sowing is from November-December. It is introduced in India from Japan. In northern plains, it is recommended for late sowing and in hilly areas recommended for cultivation in July-September. Roots are cylindrical and having pure white color. Gives average yield of 160qtl/acre. Â
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Pusa chetki:Â Optimum time for sowing is from April-August. Early maturing variety suitable for seed production for Punjab region. Its roots are smooth, snow white color and medium long. It gives average yield of 105qtl/acre and seed yield of 4.5qtl/acre.
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Pusa Deshi:Â Suitable for sowing in northern plains. Roots are of pure white color. Ready to harvest in 50-55days after sowing.
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Pusa Reshmi: Variety is suitable for early sowing. Ready to harvest in 50 to 60days. Â
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Arka Nishant:Â Long and pink root variety. Ready to harvest in 50-55days.Gives average yield of 14-16ton/acre.
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Pusa Himani:Â 30-35cm long, white roots ready to harvest in 50-55days after sowing. Gives average yield of 130qtl/acre.
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Kashi Shweta:Â Early maturing variety. i.e. ready to harvest in 30-35days after sowing. Gives average yield of 170-180qtl/acre.
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Kashi Hans:Â Ready for harvesting 40-45days after sowing. Gives average yield of 170-180qtl/acre.
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Jaunpuri Giant or Newari:Â Popular in Jaunpur and nearby areas of UP.
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Other states variety
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Rapid Red White Tipped:Â Very early maturing European table type variety. Ready to harvest in 25-30days. Roots are small and bright red colored with pure white flesh color.
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Hisar Sel 1: High yielding, medium long, white, smooth and having tender root variety. Gives average yield of 120-130qtl/acre. Â
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White Icicle:Â Medium dwarf European variety, ready to harvest in 35-45days. Flesh is white, juicy, crispy and having mild flavor.Â
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Punjab Safed:Â Deshi variety with 30-40cm long roots. Ready to harvest in 45days after sowing. Gives average yield of 80qtl/acre.Â
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Chinese pink:Â Shinning red skin, crisp solid white flesh. Ready to harvest in 45days after sowing.Â
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Scarlet globe:Â Round, small roots. Flesh is crisp solid and white. Ready to harvest in 25-30days after sowing.
Seed Rate
Use seed rate of 4-5 kg for one acre land.
Time of sowing
For plains areas, September to January is suitable time for sowing. For hilly areas, March to August is optimum time for sowing. To obtained best quality radish, carry out sowing in month of November – December. Â
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Spacing
For good yield and growth, sow radish on ridges. Use spacing of 40-45 cm between two ridges and 6-8cm between two plants.Â
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Sowing Depth
For good growth, sow seed at depth of 1.5 to 3 cmÂ
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Method of SowingÂ
Sowing can be done by Line Sowing and Broadcasting method.
Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| UREA | DAP or SSP | MOP | ZINC | |
| 54-70 | Â | 125 | 35 | – |
Organic Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| BIO-DAP | MIX FERTILIZER | Organic NPK | |
| 150 | 100 | Â | 100 |
Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)
| N | P2O5 | K |
| 20-32 | 20 | 20 |
Along with well decomposed cow dung, apply Nitrogen@20 kg to 32 kg (in form of Urea@45 kg-70 kg), Phosphorus@20 kg (in form of SSP@125 kg/acre) and Potash@20 kg (MOP@35 kg) per acre in soil at time of sowing.
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Take intercultural operation like weeding and hoeing to keep check on weed growth also to provide soil aeration. Take one weeding operation, two to three weeks after sowing. At early stage, carry out earthing operation. When root development start, carryout second earthing up operation. Â
To control weed chemically, take pre-emergence spray of Nitrofen@0.8kg/acre.
Overall three to four irrigation are required for Radish crop. After sowing, apply first irrigation, it will help in good germination. Second irrigation is provided, when crop is at 3-4 leaves stage. Depending upon soil type and climate, apply remaining irrigations at interval of 6-7 days in summer and 10-12 days in winter. Avoid excessive irrigation as it will leads misshape of roots and numerous hair growth. Also take care that field should content sufficient moisture throughout growing period. As dry condition, will affect root development. In summer season, provide pre-harvest light irrigation. It will keep root fresh and reduce pungency.
PLANT PROTECTION  
Aphids:
Aphid:Â Serious pest of Radish, attacked at seedling as well as at maturity stage. If infestation is observed, to control take spray of Malathion 50EC@1ml/Litre of water. Repeat spray for two-three times at interval of 10days.Â
Alternaria blight:Â
Alternaria blight:Â Slightly raised, yellow spots are observed on leaves. Infection is rapidly spread in rainy season. Fungus spread on pods and seeds loose viability.
If infestation is observed, to control take spray of Mancozeb@2gm/lit of water or Carbendazim@1gm/lit of water.
Flea beetles and mustard saw fly:
Flea beetles and mustard saw fly:Â If infestation is observed in field , to control take spray of Malathion 50EC@1ml/Litre of water. Repeat spray for two-three times at interval of 10days
HARVESTING
Depending upon variety, radish is ready for harvesting in 45-60days after sowing. European varieties ready to harvest in 28-30ays whereas Asiatic variety matures in 45 to 60days. Harvesting is done manually by uprooting plants. Harvested roots are washed and then graded upon size.
POAT-HARVESTING
After harvesting, grading of radish depending upon size is carried out. The product is marketed loose or sometime they are packed in gunny bags or basket. They can be stored for three to four days at room temperature and for two months at 0oC at relative humidity of 90-95%.
SEED PRODUCTION
For seed purpose, roots are selected and then they are plant at distance of 60cmx60cm or 60x45cm. Apply Nitrogen@ 38 kg, Phosphorus and Potash@22 kg/acre. i.e. Urea@85 kg, SSP@140 kg and MoP@40 kg/acre. When pod changes its color to yellow, carry out harvesting. After harvesting, carried out cleaning, drying and grading operations.