LADY FINGER-OKRA(BHENDI)

LADY FINGER OKRA (BHENDI)

GENERAL INFORMATION

It is a crop of tropical and sub-tropical regions. The major growing states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa. Okra is mainly grown for its green tender nutritive fruits. Dry fruits and skin are useful in paper industry and fiber extraction. Okra is rich source of vitamins, protein, calcium and other minerals.

CLIMATE

Temperature

20-30°C

Rainfall

80-120CM

Sowing Temperature

20-30°C

Harvesting Temperature

25-35°C

SOIL

Okra can be cultivated in wide range of soil. The ideal soil for okra cultivation is sandy loam to clay loam with rich organic matter and better drainage facility. If proper drainage is available it can grow well in heavy soils. The pH of soil should be 6.0 to 6.5. Do not cultivate crop in alkaline, saline soils also in poor drainage capacity soils.

LAND PREPARATION

Plough land and bring soil to fine tilth. After ploughing take leveling operation to make soil level. Apply well decomposed cowdung@40 quintal/acre in soil at the time of last ploughing.

POPULAR VARIETIES WITH THEIR YIELD

V.R.O 6: Resistant to mosaic and leaf curl virus. Gives average yield of 54qtl in spring season and in Kharif season, gives average yield of 72qtl/acre.

V.R.O 5: Dwarf and high yielding variety. Resistant to yellow mosaic and leaf curl virus. Gives average yield of 60qtl in kharif season and 48qtl/acre in spring season.

Parbhani Kranti: Released by MKV, Parbhani. Fruits are medium long and tender with good keeping quality. It is tolerant to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus. Gives average yield of 35-45quintal/acre.

I.I.V.R 10 : It is tolerant to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus. Gives average yield of 60 qtl/acre.

Kashi Vibhuti: Gives first harvesting 38-40 days after sowing. Gives average yield of 68-72quintal/acre.

Kashi Bhairav: Ready for first picking in 43-45 days. Gives average yield of 76 qtl/acre. Resistant to yellow mosaic virus.

Kashi Mahima: Ready for first picking in 45 days after transplanting. It is suitable for kharif as well as spring sowing. Gives average yield of 80qtl/acre.

Kashi Mohini: Gives average yield of 56qtl/acre. Resistant to yellow vein mosaic virus.

Kashi Mangali: Ready for first harvest in 45-50days. Gives average yield of 56qtl/acre.

Kashi Pragati: Ready for first harvest in 45-46days. Gives average yield of 64qtl/acre.

Kashi Satdhari: Ready for first harvest in 50days after transplantation. Gives average yield of 50qtl/acre.

Kashi Kranti: Gives average yield of 50qtl/acre. Ready for first harvest in 45days after transplanting.

Pusa Sawani: It is developed by IARI, New Delhi. The variety is suitable for cultivation in summer and rainy season. It is ready to harvest within 50 days. Fruits are dark green and 10-12cm long at time of harvesting. It is susceptible to yellow vein mosaic virus. Gives average yield of 40-56quintal/acre.

Other state varieties:

Pusa Mahakali: Developed by IARI, New Delhi. Its fruits are of light green color.

Arka Anamika: Developed by IIHR, Banglore. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus. It gives average yield of 80quintal/acre.

Arka Abhay: Released by IIHR, Banglore. Fruit is resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Pusa A 4: Resistant to yellow mosaic virus and aphid. Ready to harvest in 45 days. Gives average yield of 56quintal/acre.

Perkins Long green: Suitable for growing in hilly areas.

Aruna: Released by KAU. Variety having red color pods. It is resistant to Yellow vein Mosaic virus. Gives average yield of 64quintal/acre.

CO 1: High yielding variety released by TNAU. Variety having red color pods.

Harbhajan: The variety is suitable for summer and rainy season. It has early maturing fruit which is deep green in color and is soft. The variety is resistant to yellow mosaic virus. It gives an average yield of 36-40quintal/acre.

P-8: New variety, medium height plant variety (53-71cm long) and 12-15cm long fruit, approximately 10 fruits per plant, resistant to yellow mosaic virus. It gives an average yield of 42quintal/acre.

SEED

Seed Rate

Use seed rate of 4-6 kg/acre for kharif season and 8-10 kg/acre for summer season sowing.

Seed Treatment

Seed germination can be enhanced by soaking the seed in water for 24 hours. Seed treatment with Carbendazim will protect seed from attack of soil born fungus. For that soak seed in Carbendazim solution@ 2 gram/Litre of water for 6 hours and dry them in shades. Then immediately complete sowing. For better germination and also to protect crop from soil born disease, treat seed with Imidacloprid@ 5 gram per 1Kg seed followed by treatment with Trichoderma viride@4 gram/kg of seed.

Fungicide Name	Quantity (Dosage per Kg seed)
Carbendazim	2gm
Imidacloprid	5gm

SOWING

Time of sowing

In north it is cultivated in rainy and spring season. For kharif season, it is cultivated in June-July whereas for spring season, complete sowing in February- March.

Spacing

For timely spring, sowing keep row to row distance of 45 cm and plant to plant distance is 30 cm. For early sowing in spring, use spacing of 30 cmx 20 cm. For Rainy season, Use row to row spacing of 60 cm and plant to plant spacing of 20-30 cm.

Sowing Depth

Sow seed at depth of 2.5 cm.

Method of sowing

For Sowing dibbling method is used.

FERTILIZERS

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

UREA	SSP	MURIATE OF POTASH
90	100	35

Organic Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

BIO DAP	NPK	MIX FERTILIZER
150	100	100

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

NITROGEN	PHOSPHORUS	POTASH
40	16	20

Apply well decomposed cow dung@8-10ton/acre at time of field preparation. Overall, it required Nitrogen@40kg/acre (urea@90kg/acre), phosphorus@ 16kg/acre (SSP@ 125 kg/acre) and Potash@ 20 kg/acre (MOP@35 kg/acre). Apply, one-third dose of Nitrogen, full dose of Phosphorus and Potash at time of field preparation. Apply remaining quantity of Nitrogen, as a top dressing on 30th and 50th days after sowing.

Apply besalin @1litre/acre before seed sowing or use lasso @1.6litre/acre immediately after sowing.

WEED CONTROL

Weeding is done to control the growth of weed in okra. Earthing up should be done in rainy season crop. First weeding is taken after 20-25 days of sowing and second weeding is done after 40- 45 days after sowing. Pre-emergence application of herbicides for controlling weed in bhindi is found effective. Fluchloralin 48% @1 liter per acre or Pendimethalin @1litre/acre or Alachlor@1.6Litre/acre.

IRRIGATION

Pre sowing irrigation should be given in summer season crop to ensure good germination if sufficient moisture is not present in soil. The next irrigation is given after seed germination. Then the field is irrigated after 4 to 5 days in summer and 10 to 12 days in rainy season.

PLANT PROTECTION
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Shoot and Fruit borer:

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Shoot and Fruit borer: The insect larvae bore into the shoots during vegetative growth resulting in drooping of affected shoots. In later stages bored fruits have larvae inside and filled with excreta.

Destroyed infested parts. If pest population is high, spray Spinosad@1ml/Ltr water or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC(Coragen) @7ml/15Ltr of water or Flubendiamide@50ml/acre added in 200Ltr water.

Blister beetle:

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Blister beetle: The beetle feed on pollen, petals and flower buds.

If infestation is observed, collect and destroy adults and take spray of Carbaryl@800gm/150Ltr of water or Malathion@400ml/150Ltr of water or Cypermethrin@80ml per 150Ltr of water is effective.

Aphid:

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Aphid: Colony of aphids on young leaves and fruits can be seen. Adult and nymphs, both suck the sap thus weaken the plant. In severe infestation, they cause curling and deformation of young leaves. They secrete honey dew like substance and sooty, black mould is developed on affected parts.
Destroy affected parts as soon as infestation is noticed. Apply Dimethoate 300 ml/150Ltr of water, 20 to 35 days after sowing.repeat again if necessary. If infestation is observed take spray of Thiamethoxam 25WG@5gm/15Ltr of water.

Powdery mildew:

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Powdery mildew: The symptoms are appearance of white powdery spots on upper surface of leaves which causes leaf withering.

Treatment: Application of carbendazim@2gm in 1ltr of water will help to cure powdery mildew. It can also be controlled by fungicidal sprays of Chlorothalonil, benomyl or dinocap.

Cercospora leaf spot:

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Cercospora leaf spot: Spots of grayish centre and red borders appears on the leaves. In case of severe infestation, defoliation occurs.

To avoid future infection do seed treatment with Thiram. If infestation of disease is observed in field, take spray of Mancozeb@4gm/Ltr or Captan@2gm/Ltr or Carbendazime@2gm per Ltr of water. Or Give two – three foliar spray of Difenoconazole/Hexaconazole@0.5gm/Ltr of water.

Yellow Mosaic:

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Yellow Mosaic: Light and green patches observed on leaves. In early stage plant growth get stops. Yellowing, chlorotic ring spots on leaves and fruits. Select healthy and disease free seeds for cultivation. Avoid monocropping in chilly crop. Raise two rows of maize or sorghum for every five rows of chilly against wind direction. Uproot and destroyed infected plant away from field.

Recommendations given for aphids may be adopted. (take spray of Acephate 75SP@1gm/Ltr or Methyl demeton 25EC@2ml/Ltr of water. Soil application of granular insecticides viz Carbofuran, Phorate@4-8kg/acre on 15 and 60 days after transplanting.

Root rot:

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Root rot: Infested roots become dark brown in color and plant die in case of severe infestation.

Avoid monocropping and follow crop rotation. Before sowing do seed treatment with Carbendazim@2.5gram per kg of seed. Drench the soil with Carbendazim solution@1gm/Ltr of water.

Wilt:

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Wilt: In wilt disease, initially older leaves turn yellow followed by complete wilting of crop. It can attack crop at any stage.

If infestation is observed, Drench with Carbendazim@10gm/10Ltr water around root zone.”

HARVESTING

Depending upon variety, fruits are ready to harvest after 60 to 70 days of sowing. Small and tender fruit should be harvested. The fruits should be harvested in the morning and evenings. Delay in harvesting may make the fruits fibrous and they lose their tenderness and taste.

SEED PRODUCTION

Okra has short shelf life and cannot be stored for longer time. The okra fruit should be stored at 7-10°C and 90 -95percent relative humidity to increase the shelf life. For local markets the fruits are filled in jute bags, whereas for distant markets the fruits are packed in perforated paper cartoons.

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